There are many other factors apart from those outlined below which may contribute to Neuro Developmental Delay. Genetic disposition plays a major part as does lack of environmental stimulation in the first few years of life.

During pregnancy:

• Threatened miscarriage
• Influenza or infection at specific stages
• Toxaemia
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Placental insufficiency
• Alcohol consumption / illicit drugs
• Reduced amniotic fluid
• Poor nutrition

At birth:

• Prolonged or precipitate labour
• Foetal distress
• Prematurity
• Breech presentation
• Caesarean Section/high forceps delivery

Newly born:

• Low birth weight
• Inborn errors of metabolism
• Low Apgar score

Early childhood:

• Illnesses in early childhood
• Febrile convulsion
• Restricted movement in the first few months
• History of recurrent ear, nose and throat infections